Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination
Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. While the virus is present in pigs and birds, it is spread to humans solely through mosquito bites. It is not transmissible from one person to another. Most individuals may experience mild or no symptoms, but the virus can also lead to severe symptoms and result in significant long-term complications.
Prices
Price per dose: £100
Doses per course: 2
Price per course: £200
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About the vaccine
When to get vaccinated: You need to get the first dose ideally five weeks before you travel in order to be able to complete the course in time.
Course: The course consists of two doses. The second dose needs to be given ideally 28 days after the first. You are protected from seven days after the second dose.
Accelerated course: In special cases, you can get a faster course where the first dose should be at least 2 weeks before you travel.
Boosters: The vaccine protects you for at least 12 months, so you need a booster 12-24 months later to remain protected after one year.
How it is given: Injection in the upper arm.
Side effects: The vaccine can cause side effects such as digestive problems, a high temperature and muscle pain. You may also notice soreness at the injection site.
Children: The vaccine can be given from the age of two months.
Additional precautions: In addition to getting the vaccination you need to practise mosquito bite avoidance.
Risk if you contract the disease: Japanese encephalitis can cause severe complications, including brain damage and death. There is no cure for it.
About Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination
Trident Pharmacy offers a Japanese encephalitis vaccination, which involves two injections. The second dose should be given 28 days after the first, so it’s essential to allow sufficient time before your planned travel.
The primary immunisation should be completed at least one week before the potential exposure to the Japanese encephalitis virus.
Upon receiving both doses, you are protected against Japanese encephalitis for 12 to 24 months. Following the first year, a booster is necessary to maintain your protection.
What is Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis, much like malaria, is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes. In many patients, symptoms of Japanese encephalitis are mild, and the infection may go unnoticed. However, in certain instances, the virus can lead to severe symptoms and result in significant complications.
Common encephalitis symptoms include nausea, vomiting, seizures, headaches, and confusion. The Japanese encephalitis virus affects the human brain, leading to inflammation and brain swelling. In severe cases, the infection can result in brain damage.
There is no specific medication to treat and cure this type of encephalitis. Treatment primarily focuses on alleviating symptoms and supporting the immune system in its battle against the virus. For travellers at risk of contracting the virus, a Japanese encephalitis vaccine offers essential protection.
According to the World Health Organisation, there are approximately 70,000 new cases of Japanese Encephalitis reported worldwide each year. Half of these cases are found in China, and around three-quarters of all cases involve children under the age of 15 years.
Side Effects
Allergic reactions to the Japanese encephalitis vaccine are uncommon but can be severe. More frequently, less concerning side effects of the vaccine include redness and swelling at the injection site, an elevated body temperature, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and abdominal pain. You may also encounter muscle discomfort. These side effects should typically subside promptly.
Risk Areas
Japanese encephalitis is primarily prevalent in Asian countries. High-risk nations in this regard include China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The risk of encephalitis can vary depending on the time of year you visit some of these countries, with a heightened risk during the rainy seasons due to the increased mosquito population.
Generally, the risk for travellers is considered relatively low. However, individuals visiting remote areas and backpackers who spend extended periods outdoors are at a higher risk of infection, as are children.
Being in proximity to pig farms or rice fields also increases the risk of contracting the virus, as mosquitoes tend to thrive in damp environments and can transmit the virus from animals to humans.
Your pharmacist will be able to assist you in determining whether you require a Japanese encephalitis vaccination.
Preventing Japanese encephalitis
As with other illnesses transmitted by mosquitoes, you can protect yourself from Japanese encephalitis by avoiding mosquito bites. Insect repellent, mosquito nets and long-sleeved clothing will help you stay safe when travelling to an encephalitis area.
You may also wish to travel outside the rainy season to limit your exposure to mosquitoes and the infections they carry. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is the safest option for prevention and provides over 90% protection against the virus.